The season of security

The year 2010 may still officially be some months away, but that's not stopping security vendors from releasing major 2010 software upgrades to their antivirus apps and security suites. Just this week, Check Point Software released ZoneAlarm Internet Security 2010 and ZoneAlarm Extreme Security. What's the difference? The former is a complete suite with the familiar ZoneAlarm firewall, plus antivirus, antispyware, and parental controls. It costs $50. The latter lays on extra padding with Web browsing protection, antiphishing technology, and backup and system tune-up tools. It costs $70 for the complete set. How did the apps do? Read more in this hands-on review. ZoneAlarm's offering is hot on the heels of Trend Micro, which itself unveiled its three new security products, ranging in price from $40 to the $70 pro suite. Don't overlook Kaspersky when contemplating your antivirus needs for the coming year. Two new security apps have come out of the company's labs. As with competitors, one is the more customary antivirus armor and the other has many more robust tools and features. Read an in-depth review here.


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How to make secure pc from childern

SSPro is an all-in-one computer monitoring solution. An essential tool for parents concerned with online activity and network administrators wishing to monitor their employee's computer usage. SSPro records keystrokes entered, programs run, websites visited, instant messages, or screenshots. Configure SSPro's e-mail features to send logged data and screen snapshots offsite for remote viewing. SSPro's built-in pornographic keyword features allow users to block and/or be notified when objectionable content is encountered. Want to define your own keywords? No problem, SSPro allows for that too. SSPro also includes Web site blocking, monitor scheduling, reports, usage limits, or multi-machine networked configurations. SSPro supports most programs including AIM, AOL, Yahoo, MSN, ICQ, GoogleTalk, IE, Netscape and Firefox.

• Operating Systems:

Windows 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows Server 2008, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 7, Windows XP, Windows 98

• Additional Requirements:

Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/2003/Vista/2008 Server/7

• Limitations:

7-day trial :- Click hear

uTorrent

uTorrent is a powerful and efficient BitTorrent client for Windows. Most of the features present in other BitTorrent clients are present in uTorrent, including bandwidth prioritization, scheduling, RSS auto-downloading, and Mainline DHT. Additionally, uTorrent supports the protocol encryption joint specification and peer exchange. Unlike many torrent clients, it does not hog valuable system resources--typically using less than 6MB of memory, allowing you to use the computer as if it weren't there at all.

• Operating Systems:

  Windows Vista, Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 98

• Additional Requirements:

  No additional requirements

• Limitations:

  No limitations

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Bit Che 1 build 60

Bit Che is a simple tool that quickly searches popular bit torrent sites for files. Features include super quick searching. Able to preview torrent details. Opens torrents in your favorite downloader. Advanced search result filtering including duplicate removal, file size, and keyword removal. Bit Che is translated into 8 languages. Version 1 build 59 fixed the download link.

• Operating Systems:

  Windows Vista, Windows Me, Windows NT, Windows 2000, Windows XP, Windows 98

• Additional Requirements:

  Windows NT 4 SP 6Windows 2003 SP 1Windows XP AMD 64-bitWindows XP 64-bit SP 1Windows NT 4 SP 2Windows 2000 SP 1Windows 2003 64-bitWindows 2003 AMD 64-bitWindows XP 64-bit SP 2Windows NT 4 SP 3Windows 2000 SP 2Windows Server 2003 x64 R2Windows 2000Windows 2003 64-bit SP 1Windows Vista AMD 64-bitWindows XP Itanium 64-bitWindows NT 4 SP 4Windows 2000 SP 3Windows NT 4Windows XP 32-bitWindows XP SP 1Windows Server 2003 x86 R2Windows MEWindows 2003 Itanium 64-bitWindows NT 4 SP 5Windows 2000 SP 4Windows Vista 32-bitWindows XP 64-bitWindows NT 4 SP 1Windows Server 2008 x64Windows NT 3Windows Server 2008 x86Windows XPWindows Server 2008Windows 2003Windows Vista Itanium 64-bitWindows XP Itanium 64-bit SP 1Windows 2003 32-bitWindows XP Itanium 64-bit SP 2Windows XP SP 2Windows 95Windows 98Windows VistaWindows NTWindows 2003 Itanium 64-bit SP 1Windows XP Pro

• Limitations:

  No limitations

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Movie Torrent

Movie Torrent is a P2P file-sharing application for music, MP3, movies, software, documents and games downloads. It is compatible with BitTorrent but allows you to add multi-tracker information to the torrent and bears simultaneous downloads, download queue, selected downloads in torrent package, fast-resume, disk cache, speed limits, port mapping, proxy, IP-filter.

• Operating Systems:

  Windows 2003, Windows Vista, Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows Server 2008, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 7, Windows XP, Windows 98

• Additional Requirements:

  No additional requirements

• Limitations:

  No limitations

• Download:- Click hear
  

If you have problems installing your new BIOS

If you have problems installing your new BIOS please check the following:

Have you done a clean boot?
In other words, did you follow the above procedure for making a bootable floppy? This ensures that when booting from "A" there are no device drivers on the diskette. Failing to do a clean boot is the most common cause for getting a "Memory Insufficient" error message when attempting to flash a BIOS.
If you have not used a bootable floppy, insure a clean boot either by
a) pressing F5 during bootup
b) by removing all device drivers on the CONFIG.SYS including the HIMEM.SYS. Do this by using the EDIT command.

Have you booted up under DOS?

Booting in Windows is another common cause for getting a "Memory Insufficient" error message when attempting to flash a BIOS. Make sure to boot up to DOS with a minimum set of drivers.
Important: Booting in DOS does not mean selecting "Restart computer in MS-DOS Mode" from Windows98/95 shutdown menu or going to Prompt mode in WindowsNT, but rather following the above procedure (format a: /s and rebooting from a:\).

Have you entered the full file name of the flash utility and the BIOS plus its extension?

Do not forget that often you will need to add a drive letter (a:\) before flashing the BIOS. Example: when asked for file name of new BIOS file which is on your floppy disk, in case you're working from
c:\ your will need to type a:\615j900.bin, rather than 615j900.bin only.

Download free BIOS Software

BIOS Software

• Operating Systems:

  Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows 98

• Additional Requirements:

  Windows 95/98/Me/2000/XP/2003 Server

• Limitations:

  No limitations

• Download :- Click Hear
  

How can you Update BIOS

All latest Motherboards today, 486/ Pentium / Pentium Pro etc.,ensure that upgrades are easily obtained by incorporating the system BIOS in a FLASH Memory component. With FLASH BIOS,
there is no need to replace an EPROM component. Once downloaded, the upgrade utility fits on a floppy disc allowing the user to save, verify and update the system BIOS. A hard drive or a network drive can also be used to run the newer upgrade utilities. However, memory managers can not be installed while upgrading.
Most pre-Pentium motherboards do not have a Flash BIOS. The following instructions therefore do not apply to these boards. If your motherboard does not have a Flash BIOS (EEPROM) you will need
to use an EPROM programmer to re-program the BIOS chip. See your dealer for more information about this.
Please read the following instructions in full before starting a Flash BIOS upgrade:

A. Create a Bootable Floppy (in DOS)
òWith a non-formatted disk, type the following:
format a:/s
òIf using a formatted disk, type:
sys a:
This procedure will ensure a clean boot when you are flashing the new BIOS.

B. Download the BIOS file
Download the correct BIOS file by clicking on the file name of the BIOS file you wish to download. Save the BIOS file and the Flash Utility file in the boot disk you have created. Unzip the BIOS file and the flash utility file. If you don't have an "unzip" utility, download the WinZip for Windows 95 shareware/ evaluation copy for that one time use from _www.winzip.com or _www.pkware.com.

Most CD ROMs found in computer magazines, have a shareware version of WinZip on them.

you should have extracted two files:
Flash BIOS utility eg: flash7265.exe (for example)
BIOS eg: 6152J900.bin (example)
Use the latest flash utility available unless otherwise specified (either on the BIOS update page or
in the archive file). This information is usually provided.

C. Upgrade the System BIOS
During boot up, write down the old BIOS version because you will need to use it for the BIOS backup file name. Place the bootable floppy disk containing the BIOS file and the Flash Utility in drive a, and reboot
the system in MS-DOS, preferably Version 6.22
At the A:> prompt, type the corresponding Flash BIOS utility and the BIOS file with its extension.
For example:
flash625 615j900.bin
From the Flash Memory Writer menu, select "Y" to "Do you want to save BIOS?" if you want to save (back up) your current BIOS (strongly recommended), then type the name of your current BIOS
and its extension after FILE NAME TO SAVE: eg: a:\613J900.bin
Alternatively select "N" if you don't want to save your current BIOS. Beware, though, that you won't be able to recover from a possible failure.
Select "Y" to "Are you sure to program?"
Wait until it displays "Message: Power Off or Reset the system"
Once the BIOS has been successfully loaded, remove the floppy disk and reboot the system. If you write to BIOS but cannot complete the procedure, do not switch off, because the computer will not
be able to boo, and you will not be given another chance to flash. In this case leave your system on until you resolve the problem (flashing BIOS with old file is a possible solution, provided you've made a backup before)
Make sure the new BIOS version has been loaded properly by taking note of the BIOS identifier as the system is rebooting.
For AMI BIOS
Once the BIOS has been successfully loaded, remove the floppy disk and reboot the system holding the "END" key prior to power on until you enter CMOS setup. If you do not do this the first time
booting up after upgrading the BIOS, the system will hang.

BIOS Update Tips note:
1.Make sure never to turn off or reset your computer during the flash process. This will corrupt the BIOS data. We also recommend that you make a copy of your current BIOS on the bootable floppy
so you can reflash it if you need to. (This option is not available when flashing an AMI BIOS).

WAYS TO USE .BIN & .CUE FILES

There always seems to be the question "what do I do with a .bin and .cue file" in these forums so I figured I would write a quick and simple tutorial. Please feel free to add more.
So you have downloaded two files, one with a .bin extension and one with a .cue extension. "What do I do with these?" you ask. There are a number of options.
BURN TO CD
You will need either NERO, CDRWIN or FIREBURNER to burn the file.
To burn with NERO:
Start NERO, choose FILE, choose BURN IMAGE, locate the .cue file you have and double click it. A
dialog box will come up, for anything other than music make sure you choose DISC-AT-ONCE
(DAO). You can also turn off the simulation burn if you so choose.
Then burn away.
To burn with CDRWin:
Start CDRWin, choose the button on the top left, choose LOAD CUESHEET, press START RECORDING.
To burn with Fireburner:
Start Fireburner, click on the button on the bottom left corner "VISUAL CUE
BURNER/BINCHUNKER", press the right mouse button and choose LOAD TRACKS FROM .CUE and choose the correct .CUE file, press the right mouse button again and chooseselect "Burn/Test Burn", choose DISK AT ONCE (DAO), disable TEST BURN and MULTISESSION, press OK.
.CUE ERRORS
The most common error you will get with a .cue file is when it points to an incorrect path. This is easily fixed. Find the .bin file, copy the exact title including the .bin extension. Now find the .cue file, open the .cue file using notepad. It should look similar to this:
FILE "name of file.bin" BINARY
TRACK 01 MODE2/2352
INDEX 01 00:00:00
TRACK 02 MODE2/2352
INDEX 00 00:04:00
INDEX 01 00:06:00
Delete everything in the quotes, in this case we would
delete name of file.bin. Now place the title you copied
in between the quotes. Save the changes and close out.
Thats it, your .cue file should work now.
OTHER WAYS TO USE .BIN & .CUE FILES
VCDGear:
This program will allow you to extract MPEG streams from CD images, convert VCD files to MPEG, correct MPEG errors, and more.
Daemon Tools:
This program creates a virtual drive on your PC which will allow you to "mount" the .cue file and
use whatever is in the .bin file without having to burn it to a cd.
ISOBuster:
This program will allow you to "bust" open the .bin file and extract the files within the .bin.

Keyboard Shortcuts

Getting used to using your keyboard exclusively and leaving your mouse behind will make you much more efficient at performing any task on any Windows system.

I use the following keyboard shortcuts every day:

Windows key + R = Run menu
This is usually followed by:
cmd = Command Prompt
iexplore + "web address" = Internet Explorer
compmgmt.msc = Computer Management
dhcpmgmt.msc = DHCP Management
dnsmgmt.msc = DNS Management
services.msc = Services
eventvwr = Event Viewer
dsa.msc = Active Directory Users and Computers
dssite.msc = Active Directory Sites and Services
Windows key + E = Explorer
ALT + Tab = Switch between windows
ALT, Space, X = Maximize window
CTRL + Shift + Esc = Task Manager
Windows key + Break = System properties
Windows key + F = Search
Windows key + D = Hide/Display all windows
CTRL + C = copy
CTRL + X = cut
CTRL + V = paste
Also don't forget about the "Right-click" key next to the right Windows key on your keyboard. Using
the arrows and that key can get just about anything done once you've opened up any program.
Keyboard Shortcuts
[Alt] and [Esc] Switch between running applications
[Alt] and letter Select menu item by underlined letter
[Ctrl] and [Esc] Open Program Menu
[Ctrl] and [F4] Close active document or group windows (does not work with some applications)
[Alt] and [F4] Quit active application or close current window
[Alt] and [-] Open Control menu for active document
Ctrl] Lft., Rt. arrow Move cursor forward or back one word
Ctrl] Up, Down arrow Move cursor forward or back one paragraph
[F1] Open Help for active application
Windows+M Minimize all open windows
Shift+Windows+M Undo minimize all open windows
Windows+F1 Open Windows Help
Windows+Tab Cycle through the Taskbar buttons
Windows+Break Open the System Properties dialog box
acessability shortcuts
Right SHIFT for eight seconds........ Switch FilterKeys on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +PRINT SCREEN....... Switch High Contrast on and off.
Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK....... Switch MouseKeys on and off.
SHIFT....... five times Switch StickyKeys on and off.
NUM LOCK...... for five seconds Switch ToggleKeys on and off.
explorer shortcuts
END....... Display the bottom of the active window.
HOME....... Display the top of the active window.
NUM LOCK+ASTERISK....... on numeric keypad (*) Display all subfolders under the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (+) Display the contents of the selected folder.
NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN....... on numeric keypad (-) Collapse the selected folder.
LEFT ARROW...... Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder.
RIGHT ARROW....... Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder.
Type the following commands in your Run Box (Windows Key + R) or Start Run
devmgmt.msc = Device Manager
msinfo32 = System Information
cleanmgr = Disk Cleanup
ntbackup = Backup or Restore Wizard (Windows Backup Utility)
mmc = Microsoft Management Console
excel = Microsoft Excel (If Installed)
msaccess = Microsoft Access (If Installed)
powerpnt = Microsoft PowerPoint (If Installed)
winword = Microsoft Word (If Installed)
frontpg = Microsoft FrontPage (If Installed)
notepad = Notepad
wordpad = WordPad
calc = Calculator
msmsgs = Windows Messenger
mspaint = Microsoft Paint
wmplayer = Windows Media Player
rstrui = System Restore
netscp6 = Netscape 6.x
netscp = Netscape 7.x
netscape = Netscape 4.x
waol = America Online
control = Opens the Control Panel
control printers = Opens the Printers Dialog
internetbrowser
type in u're adress "google", then press [Right CTRL] and [Enter]
add www. and .com to word and go to it
For Windows XP:
Copy. CTRL+C
Cut. CTRL+X
Paste. CTRL+V
Undo. CTRL+Z
Delete. DELETE
Delete selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin. SHIFT+DELETE
Copy selected item. CTRL while dragging an item
Create shortcut to selected item. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item
Rename selected item. F2
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word. CTRL+RIGHT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word. CTRL+LEFT ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph. CTRL+DOWN ARROW
Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph. CTRL+UP ARROW
Highlight a block of text. CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys
Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text within a document. SHIFT
with any of the arrow keys
Select all. CTRL+A
Search for a file or folder. F3
View properties for the selected item. ALT+ENTER
Close the active item, or quit the active program. ALT+F4
Opens the shortcut menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Close the active document in programs that allow you to have multiple documents open
simultaneously. CTRL+F4
Switch between open items. ALT+TAB
Cycle through items in the order they were opened. ALT+ESC
Cycle through screen elements in a window or on the desktop. F6
Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer. F4
Display the shortcut menu for the selected item. SHIFT+F10
Display the System menu for the active window. ALT+SPACEBAR
Display the Start menu. CTRL+ESC
Display the corresponding menu. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name
Carry out the corresponding command. Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu
Activate the menu bar in the active program. F10
Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu. RIGHT ARROW
Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu. LEFT ARROW
Refresh the active window. F5
View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer. BACKSPACE
Cancel the current task. ESC
SHIFT when you insert a CD into the CD-ROM drive Prevent the CD from automatically playing.
Use these keyboard shortcuts for dialog boxes:
To Press
Move forward through tabs. CTRL+TAB
Move backward through tabs. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB
Move forward through options. TAB
Move backward through options. SHIFT+TAB
Carry out the corresponding command or select the corresponding option. ALT+Underlined letter
Carry out the command for the active option or button. ENTER
Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box. SPACEBAR
Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons. Arrow keys
Display Help. F1
Display the items in the active list. F4
Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box. BACKSPACE
If you have a Microsoft Natural Keyboard, or any other compatible keyboard that includes the
Windows logo key and the Application key , you can use these keyboard shortcuts:
Display or hide the Start menu. WIN Key
Display the System Properties dialog box. WIN Key+BREAK
Show the desktop. WIN Key+D
Minimize all windows. WIN Key+M
Restores minimized windows. WIN Key+Shift+M
Open My Computer. WIN Key+E
Search for a file or folder. WIN Key+F
Search for computers. CTRL+WIN Key+F
Display Windows Help. WIN Key+F1
Lock your computer if you are connected to a network domain, or switch users if you are not
connected to a network domain. WIN Key+ L
Open the Run dialog box. WIN Key+R
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U
accessibility keyboard shortcuts:
Switch FilterKeys on and off. Right SHIFT for eight seconds
Switch High Contrast on and off. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN
Switch MouseKeys on and off. Left ALT +left SHIFT +NUM LOCK
Switch StickyKeys on and off. SHIFT five times
Switch ToggleKeys on and off. NUM LOCK for five seconds
Open Utility Manager. WIN Key+U
shortcuts you can use with Windows Explorer:
Display the bottom of the active window. END
Display the top of the active window. HOME
Display all subfolders under the selected folder. NUM LOCK+ASTERISK on numeric keypad (*)
Display the contents of the selected folder. NUM LOCK+PLUS SIGN on numeric keypad (+)
Collapse the selected folder. NUM LOCK+MINUS SIGN on numeric keypad (-)
Collapse current selection if it's expanded, or select parent folder. LEFT ARROW
Display current selection if it's collapsed, or select first subfolder. RIGHT ARROW

Hotmail Messenger Fix 1 Software

Introduction:- As many Hotmail and MSN Messenger users know, MSN Messenger has this annoying feature where it auto launches every time you use your Hotmail account. Unfortunately, MSN Messenger doesn't provide an option to turn this off. Hotmail Messenger Fix allows you to edit this option with the click of a button and prevent MSN Messenger from auto launching when you use Hotmail. Enjoy the freedom of using Hotmail without Messenger.

• Operating Systems:

  Windows XP

• Additional Requirements:

  Windows XP, Requires .NET Framework 1.1 or newer

• Limitations:

  No limitations

• Size- 108k
  

• Download:- Click hear

SpySites software

SpySites This program is Free

INTRODUCTION: SpySites allows you to manage the Internet Explorer Restricted Zone settings and easily add entries from a database of 1500+ sites that are known to use advertising tracking methods or attempt to install third party software.

OPRATING SYSTEM: Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 98

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS: Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP, Internet Explorer 4.0

LIMITATIONS: No limitation.

SIZE :- 600kb

DOWNLOAD:- Click hear

• 
  

XP-AntiSpy Software

XP-AntiSpy Its program is Free

Introduction: XP-AntiSpy is a small utility to quickly disable some built-in update and authentication features in WindowsXP that may rise security or privacy concerns in some people.

Operating Systems: Windows XP

Additional Requirements:

Windows NT 4 SP 6, Windows 2003 SP 1, Windows XP AMD 64-bit, Windows XP 64-bit SP 1, Windows NT 4 SP 2, Windows 2000 SP 1Windows 2003 64-bit, Windows 2003 AMD 64-bit, Windows XP 64-bit SP 2, Windows NT 4 SP 3, Windows 2000 SP 2 , Windows Server 2003 x64 R2, Windows 2000, Windows 2003 64-bit, SP 1Windows Vista AMD 64-bit, Windows XP Itanium 64-bit, Windows NT 4 SP 4, Windows 2000 SP 3, Windows NT 4, Windows XP 32-bit, Windows XP SP 1, Windows Server 2003 x86 R2Windows MEWindows 2003 Itanium 64-bitWindows NT 4 SP 5Windows 2000 SP 4Windows Vista 32-bitWindows XP 64-bitWindows NT 4 SP 1Windows Server 2008 x64Windows NT 3Windows Server 2008 x86Windows XPWindows Server 2008Windows 2003Windows Vista Itanium 64-bitWindows XP Itanium 64-bit SP 1Windows 2003 32-bitWindows XP Itanium 64-bit SP 2Windows XP SP 2Windows 95,Windows 98,Windows Vista,Windows, NTWindows 2003 Itanium 64-bit SP 1Windows XP Pro

Limitations: No limitations

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SpywareGuard Software

SpywareGuard. This program is Free

Introduction : SpywareGuard provides a real-time protection solution against so-called spyware. It works similar to an anti-virus program, by scanning EXE and CAB files on access and alerting you if known spyware is detected.

OPRATING SYSTEMS: Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT, Windows 98

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS: Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP/2003 Server

LIMITATIONS: No limitation

SIZE:- 1.29 Mb

DOWNLOAD:- Click here

SpywareBlaster software

If you would like to prevent "spyware" being install.

Info: SpywareBlaster doesn`t scan and clean for so-called spyware, but prevents it from being installed in the first place. It achieves this by disabling the CLSIDs of popular spyware ActiveX controls, and also prevents the installation of any of them via a webpage.

FREE SOFTWARE - SpywareBlaster

OPRATING SYSTEM: Windows 95, Windows Me, Windows XP, Windows 2000, Windows NT,

Windows 98

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS: Windows 95/98/Me/NT/2000/XP

LIMITATIONS: No limitations

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Usenet

Usenet Information

Access -

To get onto newsgroups, you will need a news server. Most ISPs supply one, but this is usually of poor retention (the amount of time the files are on server for) and poor completition (the amount of files that make it there). For the best service, a premium news server should be paid for, and these will often have bandwidth restrictions in place.

Software -

You will need a newsreader to access the files in the binary newsgroups. There are many different readers, and its usually down to personal opinion which is best. Xnews / Forte Agent / BNR 1 / BNR
2 are amongst the popular choices. Outlook has the ability to read newsgroups, but its recommended to not use that.

Format -

Usenet posts are often the same as those listed on VCDQUALiTY (i.e., untouched group releases) but you have to check the filenames and the description to make sure you get what you think you are getting. Generally releases should come down in .RAR sets. Posts will usually take more than one day to be uploaded, and can be spread out as far as a week.

PAR files -

As well as the .rxx files, you will also see files listed as .pxx/.par . These are PARITY files. Parity files are common in usenet posts, as a lot of times, there will be at least one or two damaged files on some servers. A parity file can be used to replace ANY ONE file that is missing from the rar set. The more PAR files you have, the more files you can replace. You will need a program called SMARTPAR for this.

All about Formats

Asian Silvers / PDVD -

These are films put out by eastern bootleggers, and these are usually bought by some groups to put out as their own. Silvers are very cheap and easily available in a lot of countries, and its easy to put out a release, which is why there are so many in the scene at the moment, mainly from smaller groups who don't last more than a few releases. PDVDs are the same thing pressed onto a DVD.
They have removable subtitles, and the quality is usually better than the silvers. These are ripped like a normal DVD, but usually released as VCD.

Formats

VCD -
VCD is an mpeg1 based format, with a constant bitrate of 1150kbit at a resolution of 352x240
(NTCS). VCDs are generally used for lower quality transfers
(CAM/TS/TC/Screener(VHS)/TVrip(analogue) in order to make smaller file sizes, and fit as much on a single disc as possible. Both VCDs and SVCDs are timed in minutes, rather than MB, so when looking at an mpeg, it may appear larger than the disc capacity, and in reality u can fit 74min on a
CDR74.
SVCD -
SVCD is an mpeg2 based (same as DVD) which allows variable bit-rates of up to 2500kbits at a resolution of 480x480 (NTSC) which is then decompressed into a 4:3 aspect ratio when played back. Due to the variable bit-rate, the length you can fit on a single CDR is not fixed, but generally between 35-60 Mins are the most common. To get a better SVCD encode using variable bit-rates, it is important to use multiple "passes". this takes a lot longer, but the results are far clearer.

XVCD/XSVCD -
These are basically VCD/SVCD that don't obey the "rules". They are both capable of much higher resolutions and bit-rates, but it all depends on the player to whether the disc can be played. X(S)VCD are total non-standards, and are usually for home-ripping by people who don't intend to release them.

KVCD Thanks for lardo4life for the info

KVCD is a modification to the standard MPEG-1 and MPEG-2 GOP structure and Quantization Matrix.
It enables you to create over 120 minutes of near DVD quality video, depending on your material, on a single 80 minute CD-R/CD-RW. We have published these specifications as KVCDx3, our official resolution, which produce 528x480 (NTSC) and 528x576 (PAL) MPEG-1 variable bit rate video, from 64Kbps to 3,000Kbps. Using a resolution of 352x240 (NTSC) or 352x288 (PAL), it's possible to encode video up to ~360 minutes of near VCD quality on a single 80 minute CD-R. The mpeg files
created will play back in most modern standalone DVD players. You must burn the KVCD MPEG files as non-standard VCD or non-standard SVCD (depends on your player) with Nero or VCDEasy.

DivX / XviD -

DivX is a format designed for multimedia platforms. It uses two codecs, one low motion, one high motion. most older films were encoded in low motion only, and they have problems with high motion too. A method known as SBC (Smart Bit-rate Control) was developed which switches codecs at the encoding stage, making a much better print. The format is Ana orphic and the bitrate/ resolution are interchangeable. Due to the higher processing power required, and the different codecs for playback, its unlikely we'll see a DVD player capable of play DivX for quite a while, if at all. There have been players in development which are supposedly capable, but nothing has ever arisen. The majority of PROPER DivX rips (not Re-Encs) are taken from DVDs, and generally up to 2hours in good quality is possible per disc. Various codecs exist, most popular being the original Divx3.11a and the new XviD codecs.

CVD -

CVD is a combination of VCD and SVCD formats, and is generally supported by a majority of DVD players. It supports MPEG2 bit-rates of SVCD, but uses a resolution of 352x480(ntsc) as the horizontal resolution is generally less important. Currently no groups release in CVD.
DVD-R -
Is the recordable DVD solution that seems to be the most popular (out of DVD-RAM, DVD-R and DVD+R). it holds 4.7gb of data per side, and double sided discs are available, so discs can hold nearly 10gb in some circumstances. SVCD mpeg2 images must be converted before they can beb urnt to DVD-R and played successfully. DVD>DVDR copies are possible, but sometimes extras/languages have to be removed to stick within the available 4.7gb.

MiniDVD -

MiniDVD/cDVD is the same format as DVD but on a standard CDR/CDRW. Because of the high resolution/bit-rates, its only possible to fit about 18-21 mins of footage per disc, and the format is only compatible with a few players.

How to make a proper website

The term web standards can mean different things to different people.

For some, it is 'table-free sites', for others it is 'using valid code'. However, web standards are much broader than that. A site built to web standards should adhere to standards (HTML, XHTML, XML, CSS, XSLT, DOM, MathML,SVG etc) and pursue best practices (valid code, accessible code, semantically correct code, userfriendly URLs etc). In other words, a site built to web standards should ideally be lean, clean, CSS-based, accessible, usable and search engine friendly. About the checklist. This is not an uber-checklist. There are probably many items that could be added. More importantly, it should not be seen as a list of items that must be addressed on every site that you develop.

It is simply a guide that can be used:

* to show the breadth of web standards * as a handy tool for developers during the production phase of websites * as an aid for developers who are interested in moving towards web standards

The checklist
1.Quality of code
1. Does the site use a correct Doctype?
2. Does the site use a Character set?
3. Does the site use Valid (X)HTML?
4. Does the site use Valid CSS?
5. Does the site use any CSS hacks?
6. Does the site use unnecessary classes or ids?
7. Is the code well structured?
8. Does the site have any broken links?
9. How does the site perform in terms of speed/page size?
10. Does the site have JavaScript errors?

2. Degree of separation between content and presentation

1. Does the site use CSS for all presentation aspects (fonts, colour, padding, borders etc)?
2. Are all decorative images in the CSS, or do they appear in the (X)HTML?

3. Accessibility for users

1. Are "alt" attributes used for all descriptive images? 2. Does the site use relative units rather than absolute units for text size? 3. Do any aspects of the layout break if font size is increased? 4. Does the site use visible skip menus? 5. Does the site use accessible forms? 6. Does the site use accessible tables? 7. Is there sufficient colour brightness/contrasts? 8. Is colour alone used for critical information? 9. Is there delayed responsiveness for dropdown menus (for users with reduced motor skills)? 10. Are all links descriptive (for blind users)?

4. Accessibility for devices

1. Does the site work acceptably across modern and older browsers?
2. Is the content accessible with CSS switched off or not supported?
3. Is the content accessible with images switched off or not supported?
4. Does the site work in text browsers such as Lynx?
5. Does the site work well when printed?
6. Does the site work well in Hand Held devices?
7. Does the site include detailed metadata?
8. Does the site work well in a range of browser window sizes?

5. Basic Usability

1. Is there a clear visual hierarchy? 2. Are heading levels easy to distinguish? 3. Does the site have easy to understand navigation? 4. Does the site use consistent navigation? 5. Are links underlined? 6. Does the site use consistent and appropriate language? 7. Do you have a sitemap page and contact page? Are they easy to find? 8. For large sites, is there a search tool? 9. Is there a link to the home page on every page in the site? 10. Are visited links clearly defined with a unique colour?

6. Site management

1. Does the site have a meaningful and helpful 404 error page that works from any depth in the site? 2. Does the site use friendly URLs? 3. Do your URLs work without "www"? 4. Does the site have a favicon?
1. Quality of code
1.1 Does the site use a correct Doctype?
A doctype (short for 'document type declaration') informs the validator which version of (X)HTML you're using, and must appear at the very top of every web page. Doctypes are a key component of compliant web pages: your markup and CSS won't validate without them.

CODE http://www.alistapart.com/articles/doctype/
More: CODE http://www.w3.org/QA/2002/04/valid-dtd-list.html CODE http://css.maxdesign.com.au/listamatic/about-boxmodel.htm CODE http://gutfeldt.ch/matthias/articles/doctypeswitch.html
1.2 Does the site use a Character set?
If a user agent (eg. a browser) is unable to detect the character encoding used in a Web document, the user may be presented with unreadable text. This information is particularly important for those maintaining and extending a multilingual site, but declaring the character encoding of the document is important for anyone producing XHTML/HTML or CSS.
CODE http://www.w3.org/International/tutorials/tutorial-char-enc/

More: CODE http://www.w3.org/International/O-charset.html

1.3 Does the site use Valid (X)HTML?

Valid code will render faster than code with errors. Valid code will render better than invalid code. Browsers are becoming more standards compliant, and it is becoming increasingly necessary to write valid and standards compliant HTML.

CODE http://www.maxdesign.com.au/presentation/sit2003/06.htm More: CODE http://validator.w3.org/

1.4 Does the site use Valid CSS?

You need to make sure that there aren't any errors in either your HTML or your CSS, since mistakes in either place can result in botched document appearance.

CODE http://www.meyerweb.com/eric/articles/webrev/199904.html More: CODE http://jigsaw.w3.org/css-validator/

1.5 Does the site use any CSS hacks?

Basically, hacks come down to personal choice, the amount of knowledge you have of workarounds, the specific design you are trying to achieve.

CODE http://www.mail-archive.com/wsg@webstandardsgroup.org/msg05823.html More: CODE http://css-discuss.incutio.com/?page=CssHack CODE http://css-discuss.incutio.com/?page=ToHackOrNotToHack CODE http://centricle.com/ref/css/filters/

1.6 Does the site use unnecessary classes or ids?

I've noticed that developers learning new skills often end up with good CSS but poor XHTML. Specifically, the HTML code tends to be full of unnecessary divs and ids. This results in fairly meaningless HTML and bloated style sheets.
CODE http://www.clagnut.com/blog/228/

1.7 Is the code well structured?

Semantically correct markup uses html elements for their given purpose. Well structured HTML has semantic meaning for a wide range of user agents (browsers without style sheets, text browsers, PDAs, search engines etc.)

CODE http://www.maxdesign.com.au/presentation/benefits/index04.htm More: CODE http://www.w3.org/2003/12/semantic-extractor.html

1.8 Does the site have any broken links?

Broken links can frustrate users and potentially drive customers away. Broken links can also keep search engines from properly indexing your site. More:
CODE http://validator.w3.org/checklink

1.9 How does the site perform in terms of speed/page size?

Don't make me wait... That's the message users give us in survey after survey. Even broadband users can suffer the slow-loading blues.
CODE http://www.websiteoptimization.com/speed/

1.10 Does the site have JavaScript errors?

Internet Explore for Windows allows you to turn on a debugger that will pop up a new window and let you know there are JavaScript errors on your site. This is available under 'Internet Options' on the Advanced tab. Unchecked 'Disable script debugging'.

2. Degree of separation between content and presentation

2.1 Does the site use CSS for all presentation aspects (fonts, colour, padding, borders etc)? Use style sheets to control layout and presentation. CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-style-sheets 2.2 Are all decorative images in the CSS, or do they appear in the (X)HTML? The aim for web developers is to remove all presentation from the html code, leaving it clean and semantically correct. CODE http://www.maxdesign.com.au/presentation/benefits/index07.htm

3. Accessibility for users

3.1 Are "alt" attributes used for all descriptive images?
Provide a text equivalent for every non-text element

CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-text-equivalent

3.2 Does the site use relative units rather than absolute units for text size?

Use relative rather than absolute units in markup language attribute values and style sheet property values'.

CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-relative-units More: CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-relative-units CODE http://www.clagnut.com/blog/348/

3.3 Do any aspects of the layout break if font size is increased?

Try this simple test. Look at your website in a browser that supports easy incrementation of font size. Now increase your browser's font size. And again. And again... Look at your site. Does the page layout still hold together? It is dangerous for developers to assume that everyone browses using default font sizes.

3.4 Does the site use visible skip menus?

A method shall be provided that permits users to skip repetitive navigation links. CODE http://www.section508.gov/index.cfm?FuseAction=Content&ID=12 Group related links, identify the group (for user agents), and, until user agents do so, provide a way to bypass the group.

CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10-TECHS/#tech-group-links

...blind visitors are not the only ones inconvenienced by too many links in a navigation area. Recall that a mobility-impaired person with poor adaptive technology might be stuck tabbing through that morass.

CODE http://joeclark.org/book/sashay/serialization/Chapter08.html#h4-2020 More: CODE http://www.niehs.nih.gov/websmith/508/o.htm

3.5 Does the site use accessible forms?

Forms aren't the easiest of things to use for people with disabilities. Navigating around a page with written content is one thing, hopping between form fields and inputting information is another.

CODE http://www.htmldog.com/guides/htmladvanced/forms/ More: CODE http://www.webstandards.org/learn/tutorials/accessible-forms/01-accessible-forms.html CODE http://www.accessify.com/tools-and-wizards/accessible-form-builder.asp CODE http://accessify.com/tutorials/better-accessible-forms.asp

3.6 Does the site use accessible tables?

For data tables, identify row and column headers... For data tables that have two or more logical levels of row or column headers, use markup to associate data cells and header cells.

CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-table-headers More: CODE http://www.bcc.ctc.edu/webpublishing/ada/resources/tables.asp CODE http://www.accessify.com/tools-and-wizards/accessible-table-builder_step1.asp CODE http://www.webaim.org/techniques/tables/

3.7 Is there sufficient colour brightness/contrasts?

Ensure that foreground and background colour combinations provide sufficient contrast when viewed by someone having colour deficits.

CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-colour-contrast More: CODE http://www.juicystudio.com/services
/colourcontrast.asp

3.8 Is colour alone used for critical information?

Ensure that all information conveyed with colour is also available without colour, for example from context or markup.

CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-colour-convey There are basically three types of colour deficiency; Deuteranope (a form of red/green colour deficit), Protanope (another form of red/green colour deficit) and Tritanope (a blue/yellow deficitvery rare). More: CODE http://colourfilter.wickline.org/ CODE http://www.toledo-bend.com/colourblind/Ishihara.html CODE http://www.vischeck.com/vischeck/vischeckURL.php

3.9 Is there delayed responsiveness for dropdown menus?
Users with reduced motor skills may find dropdown menus hard to use if responsiveness is set too fast.
3.10 Are all links descriptive?
Link text should be meaningful enough to make sense when read out of context - either on its own or as part of a sequence of links. Link text should also be terse.

CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-meaningful-links

4. Accessibility for devices.

4.1 Does the site work acceptably across modern and older browsers?

Before starting to build a CSS-based layout, you should decide which browsers to support and to what level you intend to support them.

CODE http://www.maxdesign.com.au/presentation/process/index_step01.cfm

4.2 Is the content accessible with CSS switched off or not supported?
Some people may visit your site with either a browser that does not support CSS or a browser with CSS switched off. In content is structured well, this will not be an issue.
4.3 Is the content accessible with images switched off or not supported?
Some people browse websites with images switched off - especially people on very slow connections. Content should still be accessible for these people.
4.4 Does the site work in text browsers such as Lynx?
This is like a combination of images and CSS switched off. A text-based browser will rely on well structured content to provide meaning.

More: CODE http://www.delorie.com/web/lynxview

4.5 Does the site work well when printed?
You can take any (X)HTML document and simply style it for print, without having to touch the markup.

CODE http://www.alistapart.com/articles/goingtoprint/ More: CODE http://www.d.umn.edu/itss/support/Training/Online/webdesign/css.html#print
4.6 Does the site work well in Hand Held devices?
This is a hard one to deal with until hand held devices consistently support their correct media type. However, some layouts work better in current hand-held devices. The importance of supporting hand held devices will depend on target audiences.
4.7 Does the site include detailed metadata?
Meta data is machine understandable information for the web

CODE http://www.w3.org/Metadata/

Meta data is structured information that is created specifically to describe another resource. In other words, meta data is 'data about data'.
4.8 Does the site work well in a range of browser window sizes?
It is a common assumption amongst developers that average screen sizes are increasing. Some developers assume that the average screen size is now 1024px wide. But what about users with smaller screens and users with hand held devices? Are they part of your target audience and are they being disadvantaged?

5. Basic Usability

5.1 Is there a clear visual hierarchy?
Organise and prioritise the contents of a page by using size, prominence and content relationships.

CODE http://www.great-web-design-tips.com/web-site-design/165.html

5.2 Are heading levels easy to distinguish?
Use header elements to convey document structure and use them according to specification.

CODE http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/wai-pageauth.html#tech-logical-headings

5.3 Is the site's navigation easy to understand?
Your navigation system should give your visitor a clue as to what page of the site they are currently on and where they can go next.

CODE http://www.1stsitefree.com/design_nav.htm

5.4 Is the site's navigation consistent?
If each page on your site has a consistent style of presentation, visitors will find it easier to navigate between pages and find information

CODE http://www.juicystudio.com/tutorial/accessibility/navigation.asp

5.5 Does the site use consistent and appropriate language?
The use of clear and simple language promotes effective communication. Trying to come across as articulate can be as difficult to read as poorly written grammar, especially if the language used isn't the visitor's primary language.

CODE http://www.juicystudio.com/tutorial/accessibility/clear.asp

5.6 Does the site have a sitemap page and contact page? Are they easy to find?
Most site maps fail to convey multiple levels of the site's information architecture. In usability tests, users often overlook site maps or can't find them. Complexity is also a problem: a map should be a map, not a navigational challenge of its own.

CODE http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20020106.html

5.7 For large sites, is there a search tool?
While search tools are not needed on smaller sites, and some people will not ever use them, site specific search tools allow users a choice of navigation options.
5.8 Is there a link to the home page on every page in the site?
Some users like to go back to a site's home page after navigating to content within a site. The homepage becomes a base camp for these users, allowing them to regroup before exploring new content.
5.9 Are links underlined? To maximise the perceived affordance of clickability, colour and underline the link text. Users shouldn't have to guess or scrub the page to find out where they can click.

CODE http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20040510.html

5.10 Are visited links clearly defined?
Most important, knowing which pages they've already visited frees users from unintentionally revisiting the same pages over and over again.

CODE http://www.useit.com/alertbox/20040503.html

6. Site management
6.1 Does the site have a meaningful and helpful 404 error page that works from any depth in the site?
You've requested a page - either by typing a URL directly into the address bar or clicking on an outof- date link and you've found yourself in the middle of cyberspace nowhere. A user-friendly website will give you a helping hand while many others will simply do nothing, relying on the browser's built-in ability to explain what the problem is.

CODE http://www.alistapart.com/articles/perfect404/

6.2 Does the site use friendly URLs?
Most search engines (with a few exceptions - namely Google) will not index any pages that have a question mark or other character (like an ampersand or equals sign) in the URL... what good is a site if no one can find it?

CODE http://www.sitepoint.com/article/search-engine-friendly-urls

One of the worst elements of the web from a user interface standpoint is the URL. However, if they're short, logical, and self-correcting, URLs can be acceptably usable
CODE http://www.merges.net/theory/20010305.html More: CODE http://www.sitepoint.com/article/search-engine-friendly-urls CODE http://www.websitegoodies.com/article/32 CODE http://www.merges.net/theory/20010305.html

6.3 Does the site's URL work without "www"?
While this is not critical, and in some cases is not even possible, it is always good to give people the choice of both options. If a user types your domain name without the www and gets no site, this could disadvantage both the user and you.

6.4 Does the site have a favicon?
A Favicon is a multi-resolution image included on nearly all professionally developed sites. The Favicon allows the webmaster to further promote their site, and to create a more customized appearance within a visitor's browser.

CODE http://www.favicon.com/

Favicons are definitely not critical. However, if they are not present, they can cause 404 errors in your logs (site statistics). Browsers like IE will request them from the server when a site is bookmarked. If a favicon isn't available, a 404 error may be generated. Therefore, having a favicon could cut down on favicon specific 404 errors. The same is true of a 'robots.txt' file.